What do we really know about reference pricing for pharmaceuticals? Evidence from a systematic review of the literature
نویسندگان
چکیده
Health policy-makers worldwide have adopted different Reference Pricing (RP) systems for pharmaceuticals. Systems may differ concerning their effects on pharmaceutical prices, firms’ strategies, market structure, public and private expenditure, health outcomes and Research and Development (R&D) investments. We present evidence from a recent systematic review of the effects of RP across different systems. Evidence suggests RP successfully decreases drug prices and expenditures in the short-run. Prices drop more where generics have more market power. There is no evidence of negative health effects associated with patients switching between drugs. More research is needed on the long-term effects of RP and its impact on R&D.
منابع مشابه
Sucrose, High Fructose Corn Syrup 55% and Fructose, Metabolism and Potential Health Effects: What Do We Really Know?
There are a lot of discussions and controversy about sucrose and other sweeteners regarding their metabolism and health effects. These concerns are often arising by speculation based on limited data or few studies on animals. Recent controversies have arisen following the publication of a commentary suggesting a possible link between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption and obesity. Sinc...
متن کاملWhat Is Resilience and How Can It Be Nurtured? A Systematic Review of Empirical Literature on Organizational Resilience
Background Recent health system shocks such as the Ebola outbreak of 2014–2016 and the global financial crisis of 2008 have generated global health interest in the concept of resilience. The concept is however not new, and has been applied to other sectors for a longer period of time. We conducted a review of empirical literature from both the health and other sectors to synthesize evidence on ...
متن کاملTotal Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Hemophilia: What Do We Know?
Total knee arthroplasty is considered as the treatment of choice for those with end stage hemophilic arthropathy.Compared to other patients undergoing TKA, these patients have specific features such as bleeding tendency, youngerage, pre-operative restricted range of motion (ROM), altered anatomy, and increased complications. This narrativereview of literature is going to inves...
متن کاملP-138: What Should We Know about Ethical Problem in ART? A Study of Systematic Review
Background: Advances in medical technology have had major impacts on human reproduction. The development of effective contraceptive methods has reduced unwanted fertility, and the development of a variety of drugs and procedures has, for the first time, permitted women with fertility problems to reasonably expect that they can fulfill their desires to have children. So, The aim of this review a...
متن کاملDeterminants of Subjective Well-Being; Do We Really Know What Makes People Happy? : A Study Among Rasht Dwellers as a Metropolis in North of Iran
Recently, along with traditional economic indicators, policymakers are increasingly dealing with subjective well-being (SWB) as an evaluation criterion of their performance and as an index for the population’s psychology health. This study tries to define different determinants of SWB with a focus on some specific aspects of the living area. Also, this article investigates outskirt-urban differ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011